Machira akarukwa anonyanya kugadzirwa nemafiber echii chinoumbwa

Zvinhu zvikuru zvemachira akarukwa zvinosanganisira: donje, viscose, polyester, acrylic, naironi, hemp, makushe, sirika, spandex zvichingodaro.

Ndedzipi tsananguro nehunhu hwemhando dzakasiyana siyana?

1. Cotton Fiber

Faibha yedonje imhando yefiibha yembeu inogadzirwa nekurebesa nekukora masero epidermal ovule yakasanganiswa, iyo yakasiyana neyakajairwa bast fiber. Chinhu chayo chikuru i cellulose. Cellulose ndeye yakasikwa polymer. Iyo cellulose yemukati yeyakajairwa makura donje ingangoita 94%. Mukuwedzera, ine zvishoma zvepolypetalous, wax, protein, mafuta, mvura-soluble substances, madota nezvimwe zvipenyu zvakabatana. Cotton fiber ine kusimba kwepamusoro, mhepo yakanaka kupenya, kushomeka kwekusapokana uye kushomeka kwemidziyo. Yakanaka kupisa kupisa, yechipiri chete kune hemp; Kusagadzikana kweasidhi, kunoderedza alkali kushorwa pakupisa kwekamuri; Iyo ine hukama hwakanaka hwedhayi, nyore kudhaya, yakazara chromatography uye yakajeka ruvara. Nekuda kwekuti faibha yedonje ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvakanaka, ndiyo imwe yezvigadzirwa zvakakosha zveindasitiri yemachira.

2. Viscose

Viscose, inozivikanwawo sedonje remunhu, imhando ye fiber yakagadzirwa nevanhu. Viscose fiber ndiyo mhando huru yefayibha yakagadzirwa nevanhu uye yechipiri pakukura kwekemikari fiber muChina. Iyo yakakosha zvinhu zveviscose fiber ndeyekemikari pulp, kusanganisira donje pulp uye huni pulp. Pure cellulose inoparadzaniswa uye inogadzirwazve nemakemikari anoita. Viscose fiber ine yakanaka hygroscopic pfuma, pasi pezvakajairwa mamiriro emuchadenga. Iyo mwando yekudzoreredza mwero inenge 13%. Mushure mekuwedzera kwe hygroscopic, dhayamita inogona kukwidziridzwa ne50%, saka jira re viscose rinonzwa rakaoma mushure memvura, iyo shrinkage rate yakakura. Kemikari yeviscose fiber yakafanana nedonje, saka inonyanya kupikisa alkali pane asidi, asi alkali resistance uye acid resistance yakaipisisa kudarika donje. Iyo yekudhaya midziyo yeviscose fiber inofananidzwa neyedonje. Viscose faibha ine yakanaka hygroscopic midziyo, iri nyore kusvibisa, isiri nyore kugadzira magetsi akamira, uye ine yakanaka spinnability, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumachira akasiyana siyana, zvipfeko nezvimwe.

Iro jira rakagadzirwa ne viscose faibha rakapfava, rakatsetseka, rinofema uye rakasununguka kupfeka. Iine ruvara rwakajeka uye kukurumidza kwemavara akanaka mushure mekudhaya. Inokodzera kugadzira zvipfeko zvemukati, zvipfeko zvekunze uye zvakasiyana siyana zvekushongedza.

3. Acrylic Fiber

Acrylic fiber is a synthetic fiber yakagadzirwa ne polyacrylonitrile kana acrylonitrile copolymer ine zvinopfuura 85% acrylonitrile. Acrylic fiber elasticity yakanaka. Elongation 20% yerebound rate inogona kuramba ichichengetedza 65%, fluffy curl uye yakapfava. Iyo acrylic fiber ine kusimba kwakasimba, uye simba rayo rinongodzikira ne20% painoratidzirwa kumhepo yakavhurika kwegore. Kuitwa kwe acrylic fiber yakafanana nemvere dzemakwai. Kuchengetedza kupisa kwakakwira 15% kupfuura makushe, anozivikanwa semakushe ekugadzira. Iine zvakanakira kupfava, kuzvitutumadza, kudhaya nyore, ruvara rwakajeka, kushomeka kwechiedza, antibacterial, kusatya zvipembenene nezvimwe zvakadaro. Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa kwakasiyana, inogona kuve yakachena yakarukwa kana kusanganiswa neakasikwa fiber. Micheka yaro inowanzoshandiswa mukupfeka, kushongedza, indasitiri nezvimwe.

4. Polyester

Polyester faibha ifaibha yekugadzira inogadzirwa nekuruka polyester inova polycondensation yeorganic dibasic acid uye dibasic doro. Yakagadzirwa muna 1941, ndiyo yekutanga yakakura yakasiyana-siyana yekugadzira fiber. Polyester fiber iri mukana mukuru wekukwinya kuramba uye conformal pfuma inobatsira kwazvo, ine simba rakawanda uye elastic kupora kugona. Iyo yakasimba uye yakasimba, isingakwikwidzi, isina kuaina, isina tsvimbo. Polyester fiber ine simba repamusoro, yakakwira modulus uye yakaderera mvura yekunyudza. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sejira revanhu uye jira remaindasitiri. Sezvinhu zvemachira, polyester staple fiber inogona kurukwa chete uye inonyanya kukodzera kusanganiswa nemamwe mafiber. Inogona kusanganiswa neshinda dzechisikigo dzakadai sedonje, hemp uye mvere dzemakwai, pamwe nekuwedzera kemikari staple fibers seviscose, acetate uye polyacrylonitrile. Iwo machira-akaita sedonje, machira-akaita semachira akagadzirwa neakachena kuruka kana kusanganisa kazhinji ane hunhu hwepakutanga hwepolyester fiber, senge wrinkle kuramba uye kubata-bata, kugadzikana kwedimensional, kupfeka kuramba uye kupfeka kunowachika kwejira, nepo zvikanganiso zvepakutanga zvefiber yepolyester, senge magetsi akamira uye kuoma kwedhayi mukugadzira machira, kunyura kwakashata dikita uye kupera kwemhepo, uye kunyungudika kuri nyore mumakomba pakaitika Mars, nezvimwewo. Inogona kuderedzwa uye kuvandudzwa nemusanganiswa wehydrophilic. fiber kune imwe nhanho. Polyester twisted filament inonyanya kushandiswa kuruka machira akasiyana-siyana akafanana nesirika. Inogona zvakare kurukwa neshinda dzechisikigo kana kemikari staple shinda, kana nesirika kana mamwe makemikari fiber. Iyi interweave inochengetedza nhevedzano yezvakanakira polyester.

Polyester textured warn (kunyanya low elastic DTY) yakasiyana kubva kune yakajairwa polyester filament shinda mune yakakwirira fluffiness, hombe crimp, yakasimba bvudzi, kupfava uye yakakwirira elastic elongation (kusvika 400%). Mucheka wakarukwa une hunhu hwekuchengetedza kudziya kwakavimbika, chifukidziro chakanaka uye drape, kunyorova kupenya uye zvichingodaro. Inonyanya kukodzera kuruka machira esutu akadai semakushe akaita semachira eshinda uye serge, hembe dzekunze, majasi nemachira ekushongedza akasiyana-siyana semaketeni, jira repatafura, jira resofa zvichingodaro.

5. Nylon

Nylon, inozivikanwawo sePolyamide, yakagadzirwa nemusayendisiti akatanhamara wekuAmerica Carothers uye nechikwata chetsvakiridzo chesainzi pasi pehutungamiriri hwake. Yakanga iri nguva yekutanga synthetic fiber munyika. Nylon ishoko re polyamide fiber (nylon). Kuonekwa kwenylon kunoita kuti micheka itaridzike nyowani. Iyo synthesis ndiyo budiriro huru muindasitiri yekugadzira fiber, asi zvakare yakakosha chiitiko mupolymer chemistry. Mukana wakatanhamara wenaironi nderekuti kupfeka kuramba kwakakwira kupfuura mamwe mafibhi ese, kupfeka kuramba kwakapetwa kagumi pane donje, 20 yakakwira kupfuura mvere dzemakwai, kuwedzera zvishoma imwe fiber yenylon mumucheka wakasanganiswa, inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kupfeka kwayo. , kana yakatambanudzwa kusvika ku3-6%, iyo elastic recovery rate inogona kusvika 100%; Inogona kumira makumi ezviuru zvekukotama pasina kutyora. Simba renylon fiber rakakwirira 1-2 nguva kupfuura iyo yekotoni, 4-5 nguva yakakwirira kupfuura yemvere dzemakwai, uye 3 nguva yeviscose fiber. Nekudaro, polyamide faibha haina kupisa kwakashata uye mwenje kuramba uye kusachengeteka zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti mbatya dzisanyanya kutsvuka sepolyester. Nylon fiber inogona kusanganiswa kana yakachena spun mune dzakasiyana siyana dzekurukwa. Nylon filament inoshandiswa mukuruka uye indasitiri yesilika, senge naironi masokisi, nylon gauze, mosquito net, nayiloni lace, nayiloni yakatambanudzwa nylon outerwear, siriki yenylon kana zvigadzirwa zvesilika zvakarukwa. Nylon staple fiber inonyanya kushandiswa kusanganiswa nemvere dzemakwai kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari eshinda kugadzira machira akasiyana-siyana - asingachinji.

6. Flax Fiber

Flax faibha fiber inowanikwa kubva kune dzakawanda zvirimwa zveflakisi. Flax fiber is cellulose fiber ine jira rine zvinhu zvakafanana nedonje. Flax Fiber (kusanganisira ramie neflakisi) inogona kuruka yakachena kana kusanganiswa kuita machira. Linen ine hunhu hwekusimba kwepamusoro, hunyoro hunobata kunyura uye yakasimba yekupisa conductivity, kunyanya kusimba kwekutanga kwechisikigo fiber. flax fiber ine zvakanakira kuti mamwe mafibhi haaenzaniswi: ine basa rekutora mwando wakanaka uye kufefetera, kupisa nekukurumidza uye conduction, inotonhorera uye yakatsetseka, kudikitira hakusi pedyo, kupenya kwemavara, simba rakasimba, kudzivirira tumbuyu uye mildew, magetsi mashoma akamira. , jira haisi nyore kusvibisa, rakapfava uye rine rupo ruvara, rakashata, rakakodzera kuburitsa uye secretion yeganda remunhu. Nekudaro, kukwidziridzwa kwefilakisi fiber kwave kushoma nekuda kwekusakosha kwayo kunyungudika, crease resistance, abrasion resistance uye scratchy feeling. Zvakadaro, nekuvandudzwa kweakasiyana-siyana ekutanga kurapwa uye post-processing tekinoroji, mamwe ehurema ayo echisikigo akagadziridzwa zvakanyanya. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti pakati pemachira akawanda, faikisi faibha ndiyo yakasikwa faibha ine basa rakawanda rinogona kuita. flax fiber yagara iri imwe yemhando huru dzemachira muChina uye ine mukurumbira wepamusoro pasi rose.

7. Makushe

Makushe anogadzirwa neprotein. Kushandiswa kwevanhu kwemvere dzemakwai kunogona kuteverwa kumashure eNeolithic Age, kubva kuCentral Asia kuenda kuMedithera uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasirese dzakapararira, nokudaro ichiva chinhu chikuru chemucheka muAsia neEurope. Faibha dzemvere dzemakwai dzakapfava uye dzakapfava, uye dzinogona kushandiswa kugadzira machira akaita semvere dzemakwai, makushe, magumbeze, manzwi uye zvipfeko. Zvigadzirwa zvemvere zvakapfuma kune kubata, zvakanaka kuchengetedza kupisa, kugadzikana kupfeka uye zvichingodaro. Wool chinhu chakakosha mbishi muindasitiri yemachira. Iine zvakanakira elasticity yakanaka, kunyura kwakasimba kunyura uye kuchengetedza kwakanaka kwekupisa. Asi nekuda kwemutengo wepamusoro, ikotoni, viscose, polyester uye mamwe fiber akasanganiswa kushandiswa. Micheka yemvere dzemakushe dzine mukurumbira nemaitiro adzo akasununguka ekunaka nekunyaradza, uye cashmere kunyanya ine mukurumbira we "goridhe nyoro".

8. Sirika

Sirika, inozivikanwawo sesirika mbishi, imhando yefiber yakasikwa. Munhu akashandisa imwe yeshinda huru dzemhuka. Sirika chikamu chezvigadzirwa zvechiChinese chebudiriro. Sirika ndiyo yakareruka, yakapfava uye yakanakisa organic fiber muzvisikwa. Inogona kudzorerwa nyore nyore kumamiriro ayo epakutanga mushure mekubviswa kubva kune simba rekunze. Sirika jira rine yakanakisa mhepo permeability uye mwando permeability. Sirika inonyanya kuumbwa neprotein yemhuka uye yakapfuma mumhando gumi nesere dzeamino acids akakosha emuviri wemunhu, ayo anogona kukurudzira simba remasero eganda uye kudzivirira kuoma kwetsinga dzeropa. Kupfeka kwenguva refu kwejira resiririka kunogona kudzivirira kuchembera kweganda uye kune yakakosha anti-itching mhedzisiro pane zvimwe zvirwere zveganda. Mucheka wesirika une mukurumbira we "ganda rechipiri remuviri wemunhu" uye "fiber queen".

9. Spandex

Spandex imhando ye elastic fiber, iyo yakarongeka zita re polyurethane fiber. Spandex yakasimudzirwa zvinobudirira neBayer kuGermany muna 1937, uye DuPont muUnited States yakatanga kugadzira maindasitiri muna 1959. Spandex ine elasticity yakanakisa. Simba racho rakareba 2 ~ 3 nguva yakakwira kupfuura iyo ye latex silk, iyo linear density yakanatswa, uye inoshingirira kuparara kwemakemikari. Spandex ine acid yakanaka uye alkaline resistance, sweat resistance, mvura yemugungwa, dry cleaning resistance uye kusapfeka.

Spandex is a synthetic fiber ine zvinoshamisa kutyora elongation (kupfuura 400%), yakaderera modulus uye yakakwirira elastic kupora mwero. Nekuda kwekuti spandex ine hupamhi hwekuwedzera, inogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvipfeko zvepamusoro. Zvakadai se: Zvipfeko zvehunyanzvi, sutu yekusimba, sutu yekudhibha, swimming sutu, makwikwi ekushambira, basketball sutu, bra, suspenders, ski pants, jini, mabhurugwa, masokisi, zvinodziya makumbo, manapukeni, matinji, chipfeko chemukati, onesie, zvipfeko zvinovhara, lacing, zvipfeko zvinodzivirira pakuvhiyiwa, zvipfeko zvinodzivirira zvemauto ekutakura zvinhu, kuchovha bhasikoro ane maoko mapfupi, vhesi remutsimba, sutu yekukwasha, zvipfeko zvemukati, zvipfeko zvekutamba, Mbatya dzemhando yepamusoro, nezvimwewo.